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The latest Red List assessment of butterflies, published today, reveals a 26% increase in the number of species threatened with extinction.
The results have led wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation to warn that time is running out to save some of Britain’s best-loved insects.
Scientists from Butterfly Conservation assessed all the butterfly species that have bred regularly in Great Britain against the rigorous criteria of extinction risk set out by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
They put together the new Red List, published today in the journal Insect Conservation and Diversity, using data gathered by volunteers through the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme and Butterflies for the New Millennium recording scheme.
Of the 62 species assessed, four are extinct in Britain (black-veined white, large black tortoiseshell, large copper and mazarine blue) with 24 (41% of the remaining species) classed as threatened (eight Endangered, 16 Vulnerable) and a further five (9%) as Near Threatened.
‘Shockingly, half of Britain’s remaining butterfly species are listed as threatened or Near Threatened on the new Red List. Even prior to this new assessment, British butterflies were among the most threatened in Europe, and now the number of threatened species in Britain has increased by five, an increase of more than one-quarter.
‘While some species have become less threatened, and a few have even dropped off the Red List, the overall increase clearly demonstrates that the deterioration of the status of British butterflies continues apace.’
DR RICHARD FOX
Head of science for Butterfly Conservation
While land-use change remains the most important driver of decline, the impact of climate change on butterflies is also evident in the new Red List.
All four British butterflies with northerly distributions, adapted to cooler or damper climates, are now listed as threatened (the large heath, Scotch argus and northern brown argus) or Near Threatened (the mountain ringlet).
Both the large heath and the grayling have moved from Vulnerable to Endangered, and seven species have moved from Near Threatened to threatened, including the beautiful swallowtail and Adonis blue.
Two new species have been added for the first time – Scotch argus, which is listed as Vulnerable, and dark green fritillary, listed as Near Threatened.
It isn’t bad news for all butterfly species though, with some improvement in status for those that have been the focus of concentrated conservation effort offering hope for other species.
The large blue, which became extinct in Great Britain in 1979 and has been the subject of an intensive, ongoing and highly successful reintroduction programme, has moved from Critically Endangered to Near Threatened.
The high brown fritillary, also formerly listed as Critically Endangered, has moved to Endangered, which is likely the result of intense conservation work from Butterfly Conservation alongside other organisations.
The Duke of Burgundy and pearl-bordered fritillary, which have also benefited from much targeted conservation effort, both moved from Endangered to Vulnerable.
‘Where we are able to target conservation work, we have managed to bring species back from the brink, but with the extinction risk increasing for more species than are decreasing, more must be done to protect our butterflies from the effects of changing land management and climate change.
‘Without action it is likely that species will be lost from Britain’s landscapes for good, but Butterfly Conservation is taking bold steps to improve key landscapes for butterflies and reduce the extinction risk of many threatened species.’
DR RICHARD FOX
Head of science for Butterfly Conservation
The production of the new Red List of British butterflies has been led by Butterfly Conservation with input and funding from Natural England.
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